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It is a folk holiday in honor of St. George who is the patron of shepherds and herds.
This holiday has a lot of rituals connected to various spheres of Bulgarian life.
The typical cattle rituals are interwoven with rituals connected with
agriculture, health and wellbeing.
In the spring night before the holiday lasses
and girls gather flowers and herbs from the fields for the ritual feeding
of the sheep and cattle. Three wreaths are made from the flowers: one for
the sheep that will be milked first, one for the lamb that will be
given as a sacrifice for the saint and one for the bucket with milk
in it. The homes and the cattle sheds are decorated with green spring
leaves. The shepherds take the herds out for a grazing before sunrise
and when they come back a ritual milking is performed. A lamb is
slaughtered on Gergjovden as a sacrifice to the patron saint.
A big table for the whole village is set on the green fields
in front of the church yard, outside the village or near the
cattle sheds. Other ritual meals are put on the table except
for the roasted lamb. The Gergjovden bread has a special place
on the table. In the Eastern parts of Bulgaria the young
girls stand up next to the table so that the hemp goes tall.
Then they rush into the fields and the children throw crumbs from
the bread at them as they believe that brings fertility. Horo leaded by the
best shepherd or a pregnant woman with a green branch in her hand is played
around the table all day long. Everybody swings on cradles because
it brings health. For the same reason early in the morning on the
holiday healthy and ill people roll themselves into the dewy grass.
The hosts burry a red Easter egg in the middle of the field for fertility.
At some places people set the straw left from the
Christmas dinner on fire in the fields.
To prevent from magic that take the fruit in the fields and milk in the cattle away,
people put lump of salt and a woman's belt on the inner side of the
door so that the cattle could go through it as they come from the grazing.
The salt is put in their food on the other day. In some regions the lasses
predict their future wedding (see laduvane).
The Gergjovden sacrifice:
The first born male lamb is chosen for that ritual. They put a flower on it, a candle
is put on the right horn and it id lit before the slaughtering. In Southern Bulgaria
they slaughter the lamb in the garden under a fertile tree and they leave
the blood to get soaked in the ground and in Western Bulgaria the
slaughtering is done near a river where the blood runs out into the water.
It is believed that the blood has protecting powers. They make a blood
cross on the children's forehead to keep the evil eyes away. The bones
are gathered and are buried in an anthill after the holiday so that
the sheep become as much as the ants or they are thrown away in the
river so that the milk start running like water. The whole Gergjovden
lamb is roasted and a green spray is put on it.
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